[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” module_alignment=”center”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/06\/Cucurbita-pepo.png” title_text=”Cucurbita pepo” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” width_tablet=”22%” width_phone=”21%” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”-73px|157px||||”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”BioRhyme||||||||” header_font_size=”43px” header_2_font=”BioRhyme||||||||” module_alignment=”left” custom_margin=”68px|||-70px|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”-11px|||0px|false|false” custom_padding=”0px|||0px|false|false”]<\/p>\n
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Squash (Cucurbita pepo ssp. ovifera var. ovifera)<\/em> was an early domesticated crop in Eastern North America. Unlike the squash we are used to today, this squash was more gourd than squash, having a hard shell, and an egg-like shape. Shells of these squash have been found that date to 5000 B.C.\u00a0 Domestication of these plants can be seen archeologically through an increase in seed size. The seeds of the squash would have been eaten, but the hard rind also would have been used as fishing net floats and as scoops and containers.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][dipl_image_card title=”Squash seedling early May” image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/08\/just-sprouted-squash.jpg” _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default” locked=”off”][\/dipl_image_card][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][dipl_image_card title=”Young squash in May” image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/08\/lots-of-baby-squash.jpg” _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default” locked=”off”][\/dipl_image_card][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][dipl_image_card title=”Squash in June” image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/08\/Squash-in-June.jpg” _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default” locked=”off”][\/dipl_image_card][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][dipl_image_card title=”Squash in July” image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/06\/squash-bed-1.jpg” _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default” locked=”off”][\/dipl_image_card][dipl_image_card title=”Squash fruit forming” image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/08\/Squash-fruit-baby.jpg” _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][\/dipl_image_card][dipl_image_card title=”Squash floats. In addition to their edible seeds, some researchers have suggested that these hard shelled squash may have been used as floats for fishing. The dried squash certainly float.” image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/08\/floating-squash.jpg” _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default” content_text_color=”#000000″ content_font_size=”16px”][\/dipl_image_card][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][dipl_image_card title=”Squash in July” image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/06\/pepo-squash.jpg” _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default” locked=”off”][\/dipl_image_card][dipl_image_card title=”Dried and harvested squash in August” image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/06\/squash-basket.jpg” _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default” locked=”off”][\/dipl_image_card][dipl_image_card title=”Squash seeds. Although the flesh of the Cucurbita pepo hard shelled squash is inedible, the seeds are edible.” image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/06\/Squash.jpg” _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default” content_text_color=”#000000″ content_font_size=”16px”][\/dipl_image_card][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][dipl_separator separator_color=”#477559″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][\/dipl_separator][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default” module_alignment=”center”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.7.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font=”BioRhyme||||||||” header_2_text_align=”center” header_2_font_size=”30px” custom_margin=”-26px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px|||||” header_2_text_align_tablet=”” header_2_text_align_phone=”” header_2_text_align_last_edited=”on|phone” header_2_font_size_tablet=”25px” header_2_font_size_phone=”20px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|tablet”]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Cutler, H. C. and T. W. Whitaker<\/p>\n 1961\u00a0\u00a0 History and the Distribution of the Cultivated Cucurbits in the Americas. American Antiquity<\/em> 26(4):469-485.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Decker, D. S.<\/p>\n 1988\u00a0\u00a0 Origins, Evolution, and Systematics of Cucurbita pepo<\/em>. Economic Botany<\/em> 42:4-15.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1993\u00a0\u00a0 New Methods for Studying the Origins of New World Domesticates: The Squash Example. In Foraging and Farming in the Eastern Woodlands<\/em>, edited by C. Margaret Scarry, pp. 91-97. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0Fritz, Gayle J.<\/p>\n 1999\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gender and the Early Cultivation of Gourds in Eastern North America. American Antiquity<\/em> 64(3):417-429.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2019\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Feeding Cahokia: Early Agriculture in the North American Heartland<\/em>. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Hart, J. P., R. A. Daniels, and C. J. Sheviak<\/p>\n 2004\u00a0\u00a0 Do Cucurbita pepo<\/em> gourds float fishnets? American Antiquity<\/em> 69(1):141-148.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kay, M., F. B. King, and C. K. Robinson<\/p>\n 1980\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cucurbits from Phillip Springs: New Evidence and Interpretations. American Antiquity<\/em> 45: 806-822.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n King, F. B.<\/p>\n 1985\u00a0\u00a0 Early Cultivated Cucurbits in Eastern North America. In Prehistoric Food Production in North America<\/em>, edited by R. I. Ford, pp. 73-98. Anthropological Papers 75, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Mueller, Natalie G., Gayle J. Fritz, Paul Patton, Stephen Carmody, and Elizabeth T. Horton<\/p>\n 2017\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Growing the Lost Crops of Eastern North America’s Original Agricultural System, Nature Plants <\/em>3: 1-5.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Smith, Bruce D., and Richard A. Yarnell<\/p>\n 2006\u00a0\u00a0 Seed Size Increase as a Marker of Domestication in Squash (Cucurbita pepo)<\/em>. In Documenting Domestication: New Genetic and Archaeological Paradigms<\/em>, edited by Melinda A. Zeder, Daniel G. Bradley, Eve Emshwiller, and Bruce D. Smith, pp. 25-31. University of California Press, Berkeley.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2009\u00a0\u00a0 Initial Formation of an Indigenous Crop Complex in Eastern North America at 3800 B.P. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(16):<\/em>6561-6566.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Squash (Cucurbita pepo)Squash (Cucurbita pepo ssp. ovifera var. ovifera) was an early domesticated crop in Eastern North America. Unlike the squash we are used to today, this squash was more gourd than squash, having a hard shell, and an egg-like shape. Shells of these squash have been found that date to 5000 B.C.\u00a0 Domestication of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":439,"parent":137,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-367","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=367"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/367\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2371,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/367\/revisions\/2371"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/137"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Squash (C. pepo)<\/em> References<\/h2>\n