{"id":406,"date":"2021-08-20T20:52:30","date_gmt":"2021-08-20T20:52:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/?page_id=406"},"modified":"2023-05-01T17:24:58","modified_gmt":"2023-05-01T17:24:58","slug":"mississippian","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/mississippian\/","title":{"rendered":"Changing Fields"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0|0px|53px|0px|false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;2&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;90%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0|0px|0|0px|false|false&#8221; use_custom_width=&#8221;on&#8221; width_unit=&#8221;off&#8221; custom_width_percent=&#8221;90%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/05\/gardener-01.png&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_direction=&#8221;135deg&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;#556e00 0%|#8db700 100%&#8221; background_color_gradient_start=&#8221;#556e00&#8243; background_color_gradient_end=&#8221;#8db700&#8243; max_width=&#8221;84px&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; max_width_phone=&#8221;20%&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; always_center_on_mobile=&#8221;off&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;BioRhyme||||||||&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|||-158px||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\">Changing Fields: Addition of Non-local Plants<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;2&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; padding_top_bottom_link_1=&#8221;true&#8221; padding_left_right_link_1=&#8221;true&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;90%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0|0px|24.4688px|0px|false|false&#8221; use_custom_width=&#8221;on&#8221; width_unit=&#8221;off&#8221; custom_width_percent=&#8221;90%&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#8db700&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;30px|30px|30px|30px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;Cormorant Garamond|600|||||||&#8221; header_4_font_size=&#8221;32px&#8221; header_4_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; background_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.3)&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|||&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0After around AD 1000, Indigenous people in Arkansas began to incorporate crops that were domesticated in Mexico and that had made their way to the mid-South via the Southwest. These plants included corn, a type of squash, domesticated amaranth, and eventually beans. The timing and extent that Indigenous people incorporated these nonlocal crops varied substantially between regions.<\/p>\n<p>The Arkansas Archeological Survey&#8217;s Teaching Gardens at the Winthrop Rockefeller Institute Research Station features a garden with corn, squash, amaranth, and beans. These crops were being grown by Indigenous people when Europeans first encountered them, along with much more ancient crops their ancestors developed, like goosefoot.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|auto|-15px|auto||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/05\/Header_icon.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Header_icon&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width_tablet=&#8221;30%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;12%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;2560%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; use_custom_width=&#8221;on&#8221; width_unit=&#8221;off&#8221; custom_width_percent=&#8221;90%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text content_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; content_phone=&#8221;&#8221; content_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;BioRhyme|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;40px&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/08\/0717180938_HDR.jpg&#8221; width=&#8221;330px&#8221; width_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; width_phone=&#8221;330px&#8221; width_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; 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_builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;BioRhyme|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;40px&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/08\/20210802_093633.jpg&#8221; width=&#8221;330px&#8221; height=&#8221;357px&#8221; height_tablet=&#8221;200px&#8221; height_phone=&#8221;100px&#8221; height_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;1px||||false|false&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/mississippian\/cushaw-squash\/&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;18px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;0.37em&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; content__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; content__hover=&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h2>Squash<\/h2>\n<p>&#8221; background__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221;][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;BioRhyme|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;40px&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/01\/amaranth.jpg&#8221; width=&#8221;330px&#8221; height=&#8221;357px&#8221; height_tablet=&#8221;200px&#8221; height_phone=&#8221;100px&#8221; height_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;1px||||false|false&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/mississippian\/amaranth\/&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;18px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;0.37em&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; content__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; content__hover=&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h2>Amaranth<\/h2>\n<p>&#8220;][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text content_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; content_phone=&#8221;&#8221; content_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;BioRhyme|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;40px&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/08\/beans-up-corn-stalk-scaled.jpg&#8221; width=&#8221;330px&#8221; height=&#8221;357px&#8221; height_tablet=&#8221;200px&#8221; height_phone=&#8221;100px&#8221; height_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-1px||||false|false&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/mississippian\/beans\/&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;18px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;0.37em&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; content__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; content__hover=&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h2>Beans<\/h2>\n<p>&#8221; background__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221;][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Changing Fields: Addition of Non-local Plants\u00a0After around AD 1000, Indigenous people in Arkansas began to incorporate crops that were domesticated in Mexico and that had made their way to the mid-South via the Southwest. These plants included corn, a type of squash, domesticated amaranth, and eventually beans. The timing and extent that Indigenous people incorporated [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":702,"parent":46,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-406","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=406"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2450,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/406\/revisions\/2450"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}