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[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”116px” custom_margin=”||-33px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/05\/Header_icon.png” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.19.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-75px||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb title=”Plum Bayou Garden at Plum Bayou Mounds Archeological State Park” url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/plum-bayou-garden\/” image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/05\/Plum-Bayou-Garden-Overview.jpg” alt=”%22%22″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”BioRhyme||||||||” header_font_size=”22px” body_font_size=”18px” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”||0px|||” link_option_url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/plum-bayou-garden\/” header_font_size_tablet=”” header_font_size_phone=”20px” header_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” body_font_size_tablet=”” body_font_size_phone=”16px” body_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” border_radii_image=”on|30px|30px|30px|30px” border_width_all_image=”3px” border_color_all_image=”#477559″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
The Plum Bayou Garden at the Plum Bayou Mounds Archeological State Park was first constructed and planted in 2015. This garden is a collaborative project of the Arkansas Archeological Survey and Arkansas State Parks, and was funded by a grant from the Arkansas Humanities Council and the National Endowment for the Humanities. The garden was created by former station archeologist and paleoethnobotanist Dr. Elizabeth Horton. The plants in the Plum Bayou Garden are species that were planted and tended by people during the time Plum Bayou Mounds were being used (ca. AD 700 to 1000). \u00a0Known as the Eastern Agricultural Complex, these plants include sumpweed, goosefoot, maygrass, little barley, sunflower, erect knotweed, squash, and bottle gourds.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb title=”Winthrop Rockefeller Institute Teaching Gardens” url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wri-teaching-gardens\/” image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/05\/WRI-Garden-2016.jpg” alt=”%22%22″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”BioRhyme||||||||” header_font_size=”22px” body_font_size=”18px” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”||0px|||” link_option_url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wri-teaching-gardens\/” header_font_size_tablet=”” header_font_size_phone=”20px” header_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” body_font_size_tablet=”” body_font_size_phone=”16px” body_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” border_radii_image=”on|30px|30px|30px|30px” border_width_all_image=”3px” border_color_all_image=”#477559″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
The Native American Teaching Gardens at the UA-WRI research station is a collaboration between the Arkansas Archeological Survey and the Winthrop Rockefeller Institute. First established in 2016, the Native Teaching Gardens at WRI include three different areas representing different plant procurement strategies used by native people in Arkansas. The plants in the Arkansas Native Plants Walkway area reflect wild plant food resources gathered by Native people beginning by at least 8500 BC The plants in the Eastern Agricultural Complex Garden are similar to the plants found in the Plum Bayou Garden at Toltec, and include native plants that were cultivated and domesticated by 3,000 years ago. The Mississippian garden showcases the nonlocal plants added to the list of plants used by people in the late prehistoric and protohistoric periods in Arkansas: corn, beans, and squash.<\/p>\n
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In addition to food plants, the Survey’s Native Gardens include plants that were used as fiber for making clothing, footwear, bags, baskets, and other containers. Fiber plants used by Indigenous people of Arkansas include milkweed, dogbane, and rattlesnake master plants. The inner bark of milkweed and dogbane were used to create cordage used in weaving cloth. The thick fibrous leaves of rattlesnake master were used for cordage as well. Bottle gourds, grown for thousands of years, were used as containers. <\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/08\/Milkweed-flowerin.jpg” alt=”Shruby plant, some with pink flowers” title_text=”Milkweed flowerin” url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/technology\/” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” width=”47%” width_tablet=”60%” width_phone=”76%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”-22px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][dipl_separator use_with=”text” separator_color=”#477559″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” body_text_align=”center” custom_margin=”-29px|||||” custom_padding=”0px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
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The Eastern Woodlands contain an assortment of edible wild plants that Indigenous people relied on for thousands of years. Even as people were domesticating native plants and growing non-native crops, they still gathered wild plants as an important part of their diet. We still eat many of them today.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”|auto|-36px|auto||” custom_padding=”2px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_slider use_text_overlay=”on” text_border_radius=”100px” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_slide heading=”Nuts” button_link=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/gathering\/nuts\/” use_bg_overlay=”off” use_text_overlay=”on” text_border_radius=”100px” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/06\/oak-leaf-and-acorn.jpg” background_enable_image=”on” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=”Fruits” use_bg_overlay=”off” use_text_overlay=”on” text_border_radius=”100px” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/06\/maypopfruit-Aug-scaled.jpg” background_enable_image=”on” link_option_url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/gathering\/fruits\/” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=”Greens” use_bg_overlay=”off” use_text_overlay=”on” text_border_radius=”100px” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/08\/20210726_091841.jpg” background_enable_image=”on” link_option_url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/gathering\/greens\/” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”][\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_slider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text content_tablet=”<\/p>\n
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Native plant domestication took place in Arkansas and the surrounding mid-South beginning about 3,000 years ago. These native plants are collectively known as the Eastern Agricultural Crop Complex. Extensive evidence for the use and domestication of these plants has been found in amazingly preserved collections from Ozark dry bluff shelters.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_slider _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_slide heading=”Goosefoot” use_bg_overlay=”off” use_text_overlay=”on” text_border_radius=”100px” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/06\/Closeup-of-goosefoot.jpg” background_enable_image=”on” link_option_url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/native-gardens\/goosefoot\/” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=”Marsh Elder” use_bg_overlay=”off” use_text_overlay=”on” text_border_radius=”100px” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/06\/IMG_0364-scaled.jpg” background_enable_image=”on” link_option_url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/native-gardens\/marsh-elder\/” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=”Erect Knotweed” use_text_overlay=”on” text_border_radius=”100px” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” background_image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/08\/Mueller-Knotweed-scaled-e1629229783954.jpg” background_enable_image=”on” link_option_url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/native-gardens\/erect-knotweed\/” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=”Little Barley” use_bg_overlay=”off” use_text_overlay=”on” text_border_radius=”100px” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/06\/Dry-little-barley-sized.jpg” background_enable_image=”on” link_option_url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/native-gardens\/little-barley\/” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=”Maygrass” use_bg_overlay=”off” use_text_overlay=”on” text_border_radius=”100px” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/06\/Maygrass-green.jpg” background_enable_image=”on” link_option_url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/native-gardens\/maygrass\/” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=”Sunflower” use_bg_overlay=”off” use_text_overlay=”on” text_border_radius=”100px” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/06\/sunflower-face-scaled.jpg” background_enable_image=”on” link_option_url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/native-gardens\/sunflower\/” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=”Squash” use_bg_overlay=”off” use_text_overlay=”on” text_border_radius=”100px” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/06\/squash-bed-1.jpg” background_enable_image=”on” link_option_url=”https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/aras-gardens\/native-gardens\/squash-pepo\/” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”][\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_slider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text content_tablet=”<\/p>\n
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After around AD 1000, Indigenous people in Arkansas began to incorporate nonlocal crops that were domesticated in Mexico, and made their way to the mid- South via the Southwest. These crops included corn and squash, and eventually beans.<\/p>\n
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Arkansas Archeological Survey GardensThe Plum Bayou Garden at the Plum Bayou Mounds Archeological State Park was first constructed and planted in 2015. This garden is a collaborative project of the Arkansas Archeological Survey and Arkansas State Parks, and was funded by a grant from the Arkansas Humanities Council and the National Endowment for the Humanities. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-46","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46"}],"version-history":[{"count":61,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2445,"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46\/revisions\/2445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeology.uark.edu\/gga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}