Indians of Arkasnas Homepage


How do we learn about the past?

Indians Before Europeans
American Indian Perspectives
Origins of the Middle World
Creation of the World (Osage)
Creation of the World (Caddo)
Creation of the Sun (Tunica)
The Daughters and the Serpent Monster (Caddo)
How Tlanuwa Deafeated Uktena (Cherokee)
Lightning Defeats the Underground Monster (Caddo)
Chaos into Order
Maintaining Order in Osage Communities
How People Came to Hunt Animals (Caddo)
Origins of Corn (Natchez)
Origins of Fire (Cherokee)
Natchez Sacred Fire
Understanding the World Through Stories
Caddo Creation Stories
Story 1: Creation and Early Migration
Story 2: Creation of Day and Night
Story 3: Origin of Animals
Story 4: Coyote and the Origins of Death
Story 5: Origin of the Medicine Men
Story 6: Lightning and Thunder
Academic Perspectives
Ice Age Migrations
Paleoindians
The Dalton Culture
Archaic Period Cultures
Woodland Period Cultures
The Mississippi Period

First Encounters

Historic Arkansas Indians
The Quapaw Indians
The Caddo Indians
Tunica and Koroa Indians
The Osage Indians
The Chickasaws
The Natchez Indians

Indians After Europeans
Indians and Colonists
Indians in the Old South
Indians in the New South
Indians Today

Current Research
Ancient Foodways
Arkansas Novaculite Project
Bruce Catt
3LO226
Caddo Dance
CARV Project
Research Design
Introduction
Background
Project Goals
Previous Research
Project Organization
Arkansas Archeological Survey
Caddo Nation
Osage Nation
Quapaw Nation
Project Methods
Collection Inventory and Analysis
GIS, Remote Sensing, and Excavation
Summary
References Cited
Project Accomplishments
Project Initiation Meeting
Memorandum
NMAI Inventory
Gilcrease Museum Inventory
LSEM Inventory
UA Collection Inventory
3YE347 Survey
3PP274 Survey
3YE25 Survey
3YE25 Tree Planting
3YE25 Geophysics
3YE25 Excavations
3YE347 Analysis
3YE25 Analysis
3CN213 Analysis
Ozark Reservoir Analysis
Lithic Raw Materials
Year 2 Project Meeting

Writing Prompts

Learning Exercises
Indians and Animals
The Three-Layer Universe
Trade Goods
What is a Map?
Frontier Exchange Economy
Creation Stories
Children of the Middle Waters (Osage)
Origin of the Middle World (Yuchi)
The First People (Caddo)
Origin of the Supreme Being (Caddo)
Origin of Animals (Caddo)
Origin of Corn (Natchez)
Origin of Beans (Tunica)
Origin of Fire (Cherokee)
The Calumet Ceremony in the Mississippi Valley
Marquette Account
Gravier Account
Du Poisson Account
First Encounters: Cultural Perspectives
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXII
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXIII
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXVI
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXIX
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXXII and XXXIII
Ritual Analysis
Caddo Harvest Ritual
Natchez Harvest Ceremony
Smoking Ceremony from the Songs of the Wa-Xo'-Be (Osage)
Transcending Themes

Project Background and History


End of Left Side of Page

How People Came to Hunt Animals (Caddo)

Secondary creation stories account for the separate origins of animals, plants, and other things people require for living in the Middle World. How did animals, who were present at the beginning, come to exist as a source of food for people and what are the consequences of that relationship?

Bear
Caddos tell how Bear came to be a source of food for humans.

The Caddos say that people and animals lived together when the world began. After a while there were too many, and not enough food for all. A council was held and the leaders decided that some should become animals. They would live apart from people and be hunted for food. Some, who lived where a big fire burned the grass, rolled around until the ashes turned them black. They rolled around more and turned into bears. The bears were given ten lives. When they were killed the first time, the second life arose from the blood spilled on the ground. When they were killed again, a third life arose, and so on up to the tenth life. With each new life the bears grew more dangerous, until they reached the tenth life when they would fight and even eat the humans. Some others who lived where the long grass grew rolled upon the earth, and they became buffalos, with grass hanging like beards under their necks. They, too, were given ten lives. The deer were made the same way, and after them the rest of the animals.

Maintaining Order in Osage Communities
Origins of Corn (Natchez)

 

 

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Last Updated: February 27, 2007 at 2:40:04 PM Central Time