Indians of Arkasnas Homepage


How do we learn about the past?

Indians Before Europeans
American Indian Perspectives
Origins of the Middle World
Creation of the World (Osage)
Creation of the World (Caddo)
Creation of the Sun (Tunica)
The Daughters and the Serpent Monster (Caddo)
How Tlanuwa Deafeated Uktena (Cherokee)
Lightning Defeats the Underground Monster (Caddo)
Chaos into Order
Maintaining Order in Osage Communities
How People Came to Hunt Animals (Caddo)
Origins of Corn (Natchez)
Origins of Fire (Cherokee)
Natchez Sacred Fire
Understanding the World Through Stories
Caddo Creation Stories
Story 1: Creation and Early Migration
Story 2: Creation of Day and Night
Story 3: Origin of Animals
Story 4: Coyote and the Origins of Death
Story 5: Origin of the Medicine Men
Story 6: Lightning and Thunder
Academic Perspectives
Ice Age Migrations
Paleoindians
The Dalton Culture
Archaic Period Cultures
Woodland Period Cultures
The Mississippi Period

First Encounters

Historic Arkansas Indians
The Quapaw Indians
The Caddo Indians
Tunica and Koroa Indians
The Osage Indians
The Chickasaws
The Natchez Indians

Indians After Europeans
Indians and Colonists
Indians in the Old South
Indians in the New South
Indians Today

Current Research
Ancient Foodways
Arkansas Novaculite Project
Bruce Catt
3LO226
Caddo Dance
CARV Project
Research Design
Introduction
Background
Project Goals
Previous Research
Project Organization
Arkansas Archeological Survey
Caddo Nation
Osage Nation
Quapaw Nation
Project Methods
Collection Inventory and Analysis
GIS, Remote Sensing, and Excavation
Summary
References Cited
Project Accomplishments
Project Initiation Meeting
Memorandum
NMAI Inventory
Gilcrease Museum Inventory
LSEM Inventory
UA Collection Inventory
3YE347 Survey
3PP274 Survey
3YE25 Survey
3YE25 Tree Planting
3YE25 Geophysics
3YE25 Excavations
3YE347 Analysis
3YE25 Analysis
3CN213 Analysis
Ozark Reservoir Analysis
Lithic Raw Materials
Year 2 Project Meeting

Writing Prompts

Learning Exercises
Indians and Animals
The Three-Layer Universe
Trade Goods
What is a Map?
Frontier Exchange Economy
Creation Stories
Children of the Middle Waters (Osage)
Origin of the Middle World (Yuchi)
The First People (Caddo)
Origin of the Supreme Being (Caddo)
Origin of Animals (Caddo)
Origin of Corn (Natchez)
Origin of Beans (Tunica)
Origin of Fire (Cherokee)
The Calumet Ceremony in the Mississippi Valley
Marquette Account
Gravier Account
Du Poisson Account
First Encounters: Cultural Perspectives
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXII
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXIII
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXVI
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXIX
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXXII and XXXIII
Ritual Analysis
Caddo Harvest Ritual
Natchez Harvest Ceremony
Smoking Ceremony from the Songs of the Wa-Xo'-Be (Osage)
Transcending Themes

Project Background and History


End of Left Side of Page


References Cited


Bailey, Garrick A. (editor)
            1995 The Osage and the Invisible World: From the Works of Francis La Flesche.

Bell, Catherine
            1992 Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York.
Bourdieu, Pierre
            1990 The Logic of Practice. Stanford University Press, Stanford CA.

Brown, James A.
            1976 The Southern Cult Reconsidered. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 1:115-135.
            1984 Prehistoric Southern Ozark Marginality: A Myth Exposed. Missouri Archaeological Society Special Publication No. 6. Columbia.
            1996 The Spiro Ceremonial Center: The Archaeology of Arkansas River Valley Caddoan Culture in Eastern Oklahoma. Memoirs No. 29, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
            2007b Sequencing the Braden Style within Mississippian Period Art and Iconography. In Ancient Objects and Sacred Realms: Interpretations of Mississippian Iconography, edited by F. Kent Reilly III and James F. Garber, pp. 213-245. University of Texas Press, Austin.

Brown, James A., and John E. Kelly
            2000 Cahokia and the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex. In Mounds, Modoc, and Mesoamerica: Papers in Honor of Melvin L. Fowler, edited by Steven R. Ahler, pp. 469-510. Scientific Papers 28. Illinois State Museum, Springfield.

Clancy, Phyllis
            1985 The Carden’s Bottom Puzzle Elucidated. M.A. Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.

Clark, A.
1996 Seeing Beneath the Soil: Prospecting Methods in Archaeology. B. T. Batsford Ltd., London.

Conyers, L. B. and  D. Goodman
            1997 Ground-penetrating Radar: An Introduction for Archaeologists. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California.

Early, Ann M.
            n.d. Form and Structure in Prehistoric Caddo Pottery Design. In The Archaeology of the Caddo, edited by Timothy K. Perttula and Chester P. Walker. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln (in press).

Early, Ann M., Leslie C. Walker, and George Sabo III
            2008 Caddo Ceramics in the Central Arkansas River Valley. Paper presented at the 65th Annual Southeastern Archaeological Conference, November 12 – 15, 2008, Charlotte NC.

Gaffney, C. F. and  J. Gator
            2003 Revealing the Buried Past: Geophysics for Archaeologists. Tempus Publishing Ltd. Gloucestshire.

Gell, Alfred
            1998 Art and Agency: An Anthropological Approach. Clarendon, Oxford.

Giddens, Anthony
            1979 Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure, and Contradiction. University of California Press, Berkeley.
            1984 The Constitution of Society: Outline of a Theory of Structuration. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Harrington, Mark
            1924 A Pot-Hunter’s Paradise. Museum of the American Indian Notes 1(2):84-90.

Hoffman, Michael P.
            1986 Protohistory of the Lower and Central Arkansas River Valley in Arkansas. In The Protohistoric Period in the Mid-South: 1500-1700, edited by David H. Dye and Ronald C. Brister, pp. 24-37. Mississippi Department of Archives and History Archaeological Reports No. 18, Jackson.
            1990 The Terminal Mississippian Period in the Arkansas River Valley and Quapaw Ethnogenesis. In Towns and Temples Along the Mississippi, edited by David H. Dye and Cheryl Anne Cox, pp. 208-226. The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.

King, Adam
            2007 Southeastern Ceremonial Complex: Chronology, Content, Context. The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.

Knight, Vernon J., Jr.
            2006 Farewell to the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex. Southeastern Archaeology 25(1):1-5.

Knight, Vernon James, Jr., James A. Brown, and George E. Lankford
            2001 On the Subject Matter of Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Art. Southeastern Archaeology 20(2):129-141.

Kvamme, Kenneth L.
            2001 Current Practices in Archaeogeophysics: Magnetics, Resistivity, Conductivity, and Ground Penetrating Radar. In Earth Sciences and Archaeology, edited by P. Goldberg, V. Holliday, and R. Ferring. Plenum Press, New York.

Lockhart, Jami J.
            2007 Prehistoric Caddo of Arkansas: A Multiscalar Examination of Past Cultural Landscapes. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.

Mainfort, Robert C., Jr.
            1999 Late Period Phases in the Central Mississippi Valley: A Multivariate Approach. In Arkansas Archaeology: Essays in Honor of Dan and Phyllis Morse, edited by Robert C. Mainfort, Jr. and Marvin D. Jeter, pp. 143-167. University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville.
            2003 Late Period Ceramic Rim Attribute Variation in the Central Mississippi Valley. Southeastern Archaeology 22:33-46.
            2005 A K-Means Analysis of Late Period Ceramic Variability in the Central Mississippi Valley. Southeastern Archaeology 24:59-69.

McNutt, Charles H.
            2008 Late Mississippian Phase in the Central Mississippi Valley: A Commentary. Southeastern Archaeology 27:122-143.

Phillips, Philip, and James A. Brown
            1978 Pre-Columbian Shell Engravings from the Craig Mound at Spiro, Oklahoma. 2 volumes (paperback edition). Peabody Museum Press, Cambridge MA.

Reilly, F. Kent III, and James Garber
            2007 Ancient Objects and Sacred Realms: Interpretations of Mississippian Iconography. University of Texas Press, Austin.

Rolingson, Martha Ann
            2004 Prehistory of the Central Mississippi Valley and Ozarks after 500 B.C. In Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 14, Southeast, edited by Raymond D. Fogelson, pp. 534-544. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Sabo, George III
            1995 Rituals of Encounter: Interpreting Native American Views of European Explorers. In Cultural Encounters in the Early South: Indians and Europeans in Arkansas, complied by Jeannie Whayne, pp. 76-87. University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville.
            1998 The Structure of Caddo leadership in the Colonial Era. In The Native History of the Caddo: Their Place in Southeastern Archaeology and Ethnohistory, edited by Timothy K. Perttula and James E. Bruseth, pp. 159-174. Texas Archeological Research laboratory Studies in Archeology 30. The University of Texas, Austin.
            2008 Rock Art and the Study of Ancient Religions in Southeastern North America. In Religion, Archaeology, and the Material World, edited by Lars Fogelin, pp.  279-296. Center for Archaeological Investigations Occasional Paper No. 36.  Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

Sabo, George III and Deborah Sabo
            2005 Rock Art in Arkansas. Arkansas Archeological Survey Popular Series No. 5, Fayetteville.

Sewell, William H., Jr.
            2005 Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.

Stewart-Abernathy, Leslie C.
            1994 The Carden Bottom Project, Yell County, Arkansas: From Dalton to Trade Beads, So Far. Arkansas Archeological Society Field Notes 261:3-7.

Svašek, Maruška
            2007 Anthropology, Art and Cultural Production. Pluto Press, London and Ann Arbor MI.

Walker, Leslie C.
            2008  Late Prehistoric Ceramic Variability in the Central Arkansas River Valley, a Stylistic Analysis.  M.A. Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas.

Summary
Project Accomplishments

 

 

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Last Updated: January 19, 2011 at 11:11:12 AM Central Time